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Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm (November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician, educator, and author.〔PBS P.O.V. documentary. ''Chisholm '72: Unbought & Unbossed''.〕 In 1968, she became the first African-American woman elected to the United States Congress, and represented New York's 12th Congressional District for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In 1972, she became the first major-party black candidate for President of the United States, and the first woman ever to run for the Democratic presidential nomination.〔 In 2008, Chisholm's legacy came into renewed prominence during the Democratic presidential primaries, when Barack Obama and Hillary Rodham Clinton staged their historic 'firsts' battle -- where the victor would either be the first major party African-American nominee, or the first woman nominee -- with observers crediting Chisholm's 1972 campaign as having paved the way for both of them. In 2015, Chisholm was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.〔 ==Early life and education== Shirley Anita St. Hill was born in Brooklyn, New York, to immigrant parents from the Caribbean region.〔(Brooks-Bertram, Peggy, and Barbara A. Nevergold. ''Uncrowned Queens, Volume 3: African American Women Community Builders of Western New York''. SUNY, 2009. 146. Google Books. Web. 23 December 2010. )〕 She had three younger sisters.〔 Their father, Charles Christopher St. Hill, was born in British Guiana and arrived in the United States via Antilla, Cuba, on April 10, 1923, aboard the ''S.S. Munamar'' in New York City.〔 Their mother, Ruby Seale, was born in Christ Church, Barbados, and arrived in New York City aboard the ''S.S. Pocone'' on March 8, 1921. Her father worked in a factory that made burlap bags and her mother was a seamstress and domestic worker.〔 At age three, Shirley was sent to Barbados to live with her maternal grandmother, Emaline Seale, in Christ Church, where she attended the Vauxhall Primary School. Her mother believed it would provide a stronger education than American schools. She did not return to the United States until May 19, 1934, aboard the ''S.S. Narissa'' in New York.〔 〕 As a result, Shirley spoke with a recognizable West Indian accent throughout her life. In her 1970 autobiography ''Unbought and Unbossed'', she wrote: "Years later I would know what an important gift my parents had given me by seeing to it that I had my early education in the strict, traditional, British-style schools of Barbados. If I speak and write easily now, that early education is the main reason." Beginning in 1939, Shirley attended Girls' High School in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, a highly regarded, integrated school that attracted girls from throughout Brooklyn.〔Shirley Chisholm, ''Unbought and Unbossed: Expanded 40th Anniversary Edition, Take Root Media, 2010, p. 38.〕 She earned her Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in 1946, where she won prizes for her debating skills.〔 She was a member of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She met Conrad O. Chisholm in the late 1940s.〔〔 He had come to the U.S. from Jamaica in 1946 and would later become a private investigator who specialized in negligence-based lawsuits.〔 They married in 1949 in a large West Indian-style wedding. Shirley Chisholm taught in a nursery school while furthering her education,〔 earning her MA in elementary education from Teachers College at Columbia University in 1952. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shirley Chisholm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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